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How Hair Grows Human hair consists of a root, embedded in the skin, and a shaft, projecting from the skin surface. The root ends in a soft, whitish enlargement, the hair bulb. The bulb is lodged in an elongated pit in the skin, called the follicle. If the hair is long, the follicle extends into the subcutaneous fatty tissue beneath the skin. At the base of each follicle is a conical swelling, the papilla, supplied with nerves and blood vessels. Hair growth takes place at the junction of the follicle and the papilla. As the cells are pushed up the follicle, they harden and become the horny shaft. hereditary baldness products men A small erector muscle is attached to each hair follicle. If the muscles are contracted, the hairs become more erect and the follicles are dragged upward, producing small bumps on the surface of the skin, called gooseflesh. Sebaceous (fat) glands attached to each hair release a substance, sebum, that lubricates the hair. Straight hairs are cylindrical, wavy hairs are oval, and curly hairs are flattened in cross section. Hair growth begins when cells of the epidermal layer of the skin grow down into the dermis, forming a small tube called the hair follicle. Hair growth begins from a small capped-shaped cluster of cells called the hair papilla, which propecia and minoxidil findings products men is located at the base of the follicle. The papilla is nourished by a dermal blood vessel. Part of the hair, namely the root, lies hidden in the follicle. As long as cells in the papilla of the hair follicle remain alive, new hair will replace any that is cut or plucked. Contrary to popular belief, frequent cutting or shaving does not make hair grow faster or become coarser. Why? Because neither process affects the epithelial cells that form the hairs, since they are imbedded in the dermis. Normal hair has three layers, the cuticle, the cortex and the medulla. The cuticle is composed primarily of keratin alopecia areata foundation products men scales